Acute
Pancreatitis

What is Acute Pancreatitis?

Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas — a vital organ located behind the stomach that helps with digestion and blood sugar regulation. It occurs when digestive enzymes within the pancreas become active too early, causing irritation and inflammation of the organ. It can range from mild pain to a severe, life-threatening condition.

What are the symptoms of Acute Pancreatitis?

Common symptoms include:

  • Severe abdominal pain (often in the upper abdomen, radiating to the back)
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Fever
  • Abdominal tenderness or swelling
  • Pain worsening after meals
  • Difficulty in digestion

Severe abdominal pain that does not settle is a medical emergency and should be evaluated immediately by a gastroenterologist.

What causes Acute Pancreatitis?

The most common causes are:

  • Gallstones – leading cause, especially in women
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • High triglyceride levels
  • Certain medications
  • Viral infections or abdominal trauma
  • Post-surgical or endoscopic complications
  • high blood calcium level

In some cases, the exact cause remains unknown (idiopathic pancreatitis).

How is Acute Pancreatitis diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based on:

  • Clinical examination
  • Blood tests (elevated amylase and lipase levels)
  • Ultrasound scan or CT scan to assess pancreatic inflammation
  • MRI or MRCP in complex cases
  • Liver function tests if gallstones are suspected

What is the treatment for Acute Pancreatitis?

Most cases are treated medically. However, surgery or endoscopic gallstone removal (ERCP) may be needed if:

  • Gallstones are the cause
  • There is necrosis (dead tissue) or abscess formation
  • A pancreatic fluid collection develops that needs drainage

Is surgery required for Acute Pancreatitis?

Most cases are treated medically. However, surgery or endoscopic gallstone removal (ERCP) may be needed if:

  • Gallstones are the cause
  • There is necrosis (dead tissue) or abscess formation
  • A pancreatic fluid collection develops that needs drainage

How long is the hospital stay?

  • Mild cases: 3–5 days
  • Severe or complicated cases: May require prolonged hospitalization and intensive care

What happens if Acute Pancreatitis is not treated?

Untreated pancreatitis can lead to:

  • Organ failure (kidney, lungs)
  • Pancreatic necrosis
  • Internal bleeding
  • Sepsis (life-threatening infection)
  • Pseudocyst formation

Immediate treatment is essential to prevent complications.

Can Pancreatitis recur?

Yes. Recurrence is common, especially if the underlying cause (gallstones, alcohol, metabolic issues) is not treated. Preventive management such as cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) or lifestyle modifications may be advised.

Does pancreatitis affect digestion long-term?

In severe or recurrent cases, the pancreas may fail to produce enough digestive enzymes, leading to:

  • Weight loss
  • Oily stools (steatorrhoea)
  • Nutrient deficiencies
  • Diabetes (if insulin-producing cells are affected)

Enzyme supplements or long-term management may be required.

At The Best Gastro Care Centre

Your Health, Our Priority

If you experience persistent upper abdominal pain, especially after meals or with vomiting, consult a surgical gastroenterologist immediately. Early treatment can prevent severe complications.